95 Dijkstra simplified Medium BFS + Heap

Find the shortest path from one starting node to all other nodes in a graph with positive edge weights.

O((V+E) log V) time · O(V) space
96 Topological sort (Kahn's) Medium Topological Sort

Order tasks so that every task comes after its prerequisites, using a queue-based approach.

O(V + E) time · O(V) space
97 Course schedule Medium Topological Sort

Check if you can finish all courses given their prerequisite requirements (no circular dependencies).

O(V + E) time · O(V + E) space
98 Number of islands Medium DFS Recursive

Count separate groups of connected land cells in a grid.

O(m*n) time · O(m*n) space (recursion stack)
99 Clone graph Medium DFS + Map

Make a complete copy of a graph where each node and its connections are duplicated.

O(V + E) time · O(V) space
100 Flood fill Easy DFS Recursive

Starting from a pixel, change its color and all connected same-color pixels to a new color (like the paint bucket tool).

O(m*n) time · O(m*n) space
146 Course Schedule II Medium Topological Sort

Find an order to take all courses respecting prerequisites, or determine it's impossible.

O(V + E) time · O(V + E) space