Given a sorted array and a target value, return the index of the target or -1 if not found.
Given a sorted array and a target, return the index where the target would be inserted.
Given a sorted array with duplicates and a target, find the first and last index of the target.
Compute floor(sqrt(x)) without using math.sqrt.
Given an array where no two adjacent elements are equal, find any peak element.
Given a rotated sorted array with unique elements, find the minimum element.